BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION : ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES REVISION TEST

CLASS-XII

REVISION TEST

BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

 

Q.(1)    Why is Eichhornia crassipes nick named as “Terror of Bengal”?                              (1)

Q.(2)    How do algal blooms affect the life in water bodies?                                               (1)

Q.(3)    Name the two most biodiversity rich zones of India.                                                 (1)

Q.(4)    Justify with an example where a deliberate attempt by humans has led to the extinction of a particular species.                                                                                               (2)

Q.(5)    Explain, giving one example, how co-extinction is one of the causes of loss of biodiversity, list the two other causes also (without description).                              (2)

Q.(6)    A crane had DDT as 5 PPM in its body. What would happen to the population of such birds. Explain giving reasons.                                                                                               (2)

Q.(7)    Mention how e-waste is produced and disposed off? Write the solution for its treatment.                                                                                                                         (2)

Q.(8)    Refrigerants are considered to be a necessity in modern living, but are said to be responsible for ozone holes  detected in Antartica justify.                                        (3)

Q.(9)    (a)        Explain the significance of Ecological pyramids with the help of an example.

            (b)        Why are the pyramids referred to as upright or invented.                            (3)

Q.(10)  What are sacred groves? Where are they found? What is their role in conservation? (3)

Q.(11)  (a)        Name the green house gases. How do they affect life on earth?                   (2)

            (b)        Describe is detail the eutrophication of a lake with example.                      (3)                                                       

 

ECOLOGY-ECOSYSTEM : ASSIGNMENT

CLASS-XII

ASSIGNMENT

ECOLOGY-ECOSYSTEM

 

Q.(1)                        Name the pioneer species organism on bare rocks and water body.

How do these species help in establishing the next type of Vegetation.

 

Q.(2)           Under what circumstances secondary succession begins? Why does it proceed faster than primary succession?

 

Q.(3)           What functions do detritivors play in ecosystems? Explain the significance of humification and mineralisation in a decomposition cycle?

 

Q.(4)           Compare the grazing food chain and detritus food chain in aspect of their  (a)origin  (b)  Energy status.

 

 

Q.(5)           Differentiate between primary and secondary succession.

 ( Any four points)

 

Q.(6)          What is meant by ecological succession? How does it occur? Explain.

 

 

 Q.(7)         Name the type of food chains responsible for the flow of larger fraction of energy in an aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem respectively. Mention difference between the food chains.

                  (Hint-Aquatic (GFC) Terrestrial (DFC) ).

 

Q.(8)          Write down the difference between net primary productivity and GPP.

 

Q.(9)          (a)  Draw pyramid of numbers of a situation where a large population of insect feed upon a big tree. The insects in turn are eaten by small birds which in turn are fed up by big birds.

                  (b)  Differentiate giving reason between the pyramid of biomass of above situation and pyramid of numbers you have drawn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q.(10)        Identify the type of the given ecological pyramid and give one example each of pyramid of numbers and pyramid of biomass in such cases.

                  Ans.     Inverted pyramid.

                  Inverted pyramid of biomass in lake.

- - - - - - Phytoplankton - - - - - - -zooplankton- - - - - - -fishes.

Inverted pyramid of Numbers.

Tree - - - - - - Insects - - - - - - - Birds.

 

Q.(11)        The energy flow in ecosystem follows second law of thermodynamics. Explain (LA  Questions)

 

Q.(12)        Distinguish between

                  (a)        Production and decomposition.

                  (b)        Upright and inverted pyramid.

                  (c)        Food chain & food web.

                  (d)        Litter and detritus.

                  (e)        Fragmentation and leaching.

                  (f)        Hydrarch succession and Xerarch  succession.

            (g)        Carbon cycle and phosphorous cycle

Biotechnology : principles and Processes :Quetionairre

CLASS-XII

CHAPTER-II

Biotechnology : principles and Processes

Q.(1)    What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in human cell?

    Hints:   Av. Mo. Wt of

 Nucleo Tide pair = 330 Dalton

Genome size of diploid human cell.

6.6 ×     ( 0.4 % )

Q.(2)    What is palin dromic nucleotide sequence in DNA? Give an example.                     (2)

Q.(3)    How can DNA fragments, be separated by gel electrophoresis, visualised and isolated?                                                                                                                                        (2)

Q.(4)    Explain the contribution of Thermus aquaticus in the amplification of gene of interest.(2)

Q.(5)    What are recombinant proteins? How do bioreactors help in their production.      (3)

Q.(6)    Name the source organism from which Ti plasmid in isolated. Explain the use of this plasmid in biotechnology.                                                                                                (2)

Q.(7)    Why is origin of replication ( ori ) required to facilitate cloning into a vector?       (2)

Q.(8)    Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks.

Q.(9)    What is insertional in-activation? How is this technology used as selectable marker?(3)

Q.(10)  How is foreign gene product converted into a finished product for marketing?

Q.(11)  Explain briefly

            (a)        PCR      (b)        Restriction enzyme                 (c)        Chitinase.        (3)

Q.(12)  What is r DNA? Explain the cloning of r DNA.            (5)

Q.(13)  (a)        Why are engineered vectors preferred by biotechnologists for transferring the desired  gene  into another into another organism.

 

(b)        Explain how do “ori” , selectable marker and cloning  sites facilitate cloning into a vector.                                                                                              2 + 3 = 5

Q.(14)  Mention any two methods of vectorless gene transfer.                                              (2)

Q.(15)  (i)  Mention the number of primers  required in each cycle of polymerase chain reaction      (PCR). Write the role of primers and DNA polymerase in PCR.

(ii)   Give the characteristic feature and source organism of the DNA polymerase in PCR.                                                                                                                                                 (2 + 1)

Q.(16)  Why and how bacteria can be mode ‘competent?” OR. Why DNA does not directly enter the bacterial cell?

Q.(17)  Why are genes encoding resistance to antibiotics considered useful selectable markers for E. coli  cloning vector? Explain with the help of an example.

Q(18)   Draw a schematic sketch of PBR322 plasmid and label following in it.

1. Any two restriction sites.
2. Ori and  rop genes
3. An antibiotic resistant gene                                                                                   (3)
    
    
   Q.(19)  Expand   the following and mention one application of each
               (1)        PCR                  (2)        ELISA                                                                           (2)
    
   Q.(20)  A wine maker and molecular biologist who has developed a recombinant vaccine, both claim themselves to be biotechnologists. Who in your opinion is right?                (2)
    
   Q.(21)  Describe the role of cac in preparation of competent cells.                                  (2)
    
   Q.(22)  If a desired gene is identified in an organism for some experiments, explain the process of the following:
              
   (i)  Cutting this desired gene at specific location.
              
   (ii)  Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene.
    
    +  =5  )
    
    

ORGANISMS & POPULATION: ASSIGNMENT

CLASS-XII

ASSIGNMENT

ORGANISMS & POPULATION

 

Q.(1)    Name the interaction in each of the following:

            (a)  Ascaris worms living in the intestine of humans.

            (b)  Sucker fish lives attached to the shark.

            (c)  Wasp pollinating fig inflorescence.

            (d)  Ticks live on the skin of dogs.

 

Q.(2)   (a)  Explain giving reasons why the tourist visiting Rohtang pass or Mansarovar are advised to resume normal ‘active life’ only after a few days of reaching there.

           (b)  It is impossible to find small animals in the polar region. Give reasons.

 

Q.(3)   If marine fish is placed in a fresh water aquarium, will the fish be able to survive? Why or why not?

           Ans.:- A marine fish kept in fresh water will not be able to survive for long because

1.  Water will enter its body due to endosmosis.
2. It has water drinking habit that causes excess water to enter the body.
3. It does not have salt absorbing mechanism of fresh water fishes.
                                     
   Exception: Migratory fish are exception to the above. They have hormone controlled mechanisms to connect them from salt recreating and water drinking marine form to non drinking and salt absorbing fresh water forms. Eg. Hilsa, salmon.
    
   Q.(4)   Most living organisms cannot survive at Temperature above 4 How are some `                microbes able to live in habitats with temperatures exceeding 10c.
    
   Q.(5)   Distinguish between the following:
               (a)  Hibernation and Aestivation
               (b)  Ectotherms  and Endotherms.
    
   Q.(6)   Define   (a)  Population  (b) Community  (c) Mutualism (d) Camouflage
                (e) Commensalism.
    
   Q.(7)   List any three characteristics of a population.
    
   Q.(8)   Explain brood parasitism with the help of an example.
    
   Q.(9) Why is Rhizobium categorised as a symbiotic bacterium’? How does it act
                as biofertilizer?
    
   Q.(10)  Define phenotypic adaptation. Give an example.
    
   Q.(11)  Why are coral reefs not found in the regions of west Bengal to Andra 
                  Predesh but are found in Tamil Nadu on the east coast of India.
    
   Q.(12)  Define zero population Growth.  Draw an age pyramid for the same.
    
   Q.(13)  Explain age pyramids of human population.
    
   Q.(14)  The predators help to maintain species diversity. Explain with the help of
                 an example.
    
   Q.(15)  How Prickly Pear Cactus when introduced in Australia created havoc?
                 How the havoc was combat?
    
   Q.(16)  Distinguish between
                  (a)  Camonflage and Mimicry
                  (b)  Mimicry and Acclimatisation.
    
    
   sQ.(17)  Give reasons:
                   (a) Mango trees cannot grow in temperate countries.
                   (b)  Agnathic organisms face water related problems.